The Effects of Online advertisung

     Investigates the effects of online advertising on human behavior: clicks, new-account sign-ups, and retail sales. Five chapters cover natural and field experiments used to measure these effects for both display and search advertising. The first uses a natural experiment on the Yahoo! Front Page, aided by a flexible semi-users model, to identify the causal effects of display ad frequency on internet users' responses as measured at the individual level by clicks and new-account sign-ups.
       Performance is heterogeneous regarding frequency and click ability; some campaigns exhibit significant decreasing returns to scale after one or two impressions while others show constant returns to scale even after fifty impressions. For some campaigns, a simple  regression which ignores selection bias finds increasing returns to scale, but none is found with the model that uses exogenous variation in views.
       Conversely, many campaigns that appear to exhibit diminishing returns when failing to account for selection, in fact, show little to no wear-out. A controlled experiment on  existing customers measures the causal effect of advertising on actual purchases, overcoming the major hurdles regarding attribution typically encountered in advertising effectiveness research by exogenous varying exposure to the ads.
      Each customer was randomly assigned to treatment and control groups for an online advertising campaign for this retailer. Online brand advertising generated a statistically and economically significant effect on in-store sales for this retailer. The design of the experiment permits a demographic breakdown of the advertising's heterogeneous effects. Somewhat surprisingly, the effects are especially large for the elderly. Several possible explanations are proposed for this phenomenon, and directions for new theoretical models of sponsored search are suggested.

The Disadvantages of alcohol & sport advertising

      Sponsorship, in most cases, is not meant to be; it is a mutually beneficial business arrangement. In the competitive sponsorship environment of sport, a company wishing to advert their brand with a sport does so to gain a host of economic, public relations and product placement advantages. Sponsors also hope to announce their association with an athlete, team, league, or the sport itself to gain public trust, acceptance, or aware with the perceived image a sport has created or acquired.In return, sports receive financial benefit for their association with a company, product or campaign. There are usually additional non-financial advantages to be gained as a consequence of a sports association with a sponsor.

      Advertising may be linked to sponsorship, or act as a stand-alone investment strategy by a company or organization. In contrast, a company may choose not to sponsor a sport or team, but purchase parallel advertising at a sports venue or during broadcasting of those sports events. Thus, the association between a company or product and a sport or event may not always be under the control of the sport or team because venue or broadcast advertising may not be the same as the sponsorship of the athletes or teams competing.
        When sponsorship and advertising are linked by a single corporate message, the net exposure of the company or product is optimal. Sponsorship and advertising of sports has become a high-stakes business and decisions made by both parties are carefully constructed and critically analyzed. The company wants to associate their brand or product with all the 'feel good' aspects of sport, particularly a successful sporting team or athlete. In turn, the sport wants the financial benefits of sponsorship and advertising as well as the association with a 'successful' company or a well known product.
       The ethics of a sport’s decision to enter into a sponsorship agreement reflects the sporting organization’s values. However, ethical decisions may conflict with a sport’s need for financial gain. The question may arise, "When does a sports association with a company or product diminish the sport’s image?" The evidence of the health risks, both short-term and long-term, associated with significant levels of alcohol consumption is substantial. The evidence base underpinning the social and economic impact of alcohol use provides a compelling argument for rejecting the association between ‘sport’ and ‘alcohol’.
     Strong anti-sponsorship and advertising arguments are based upon the available world-wide evidence that children and adolescents exposed to alcohol marketing (even if this is indirect) are affected in terms of their attitudes and behavior toward alcohol products. Sport attracts the attention of children and youth like no other sector; in fact governments actively promote the involvement of children and youth in sports.

Advertisements aren't inherently bad

        Advertisements aren't inherently bad, but many use manipulative tactics that influence in ways we don't even realize. Despite how much you think you ignore them, and how little you may believe they affect you, that's not necessarily the case. Here's a look at how manipulative ads work, the problems they cause, and what you can do to avoid these negative consequences.You see ads every day, whether it's on a web page, before a movie, or in the middle of a TV show, and it's easy to say "they're just ads" because, at worst, they feel like a nuisance or interruption. A lot of people have difficulty accepting the idea that ads are manipulative because we want to believe we're in complete control of our choices.

      While the concept of advertising isn't inherently problematic, we've moved on from the "Eat at Joe's" sign to far more complex and sometimes even moving, cinematic messages that are designed to create significant memories of a product. These memories are created because an ad succeeds at making us feel something—whether it's good or bad—and that emotional response can have a profound effect on how we think and the choices we make.
     
Not all advertising is bad, but we're going to take a look at what's problematic, what isn't, and ways you can avoid the negative effects associated with so much of what you passively experience. Advertising exists because there's a product a company wants to sell and they want people to know about it so they can buy it. This much is obvious. Sometimes that product is a cleaning spray or a microwave oven, but often it's yet another article of clothing, a gadget, another meal out, or something else you don't necessarily need. These advertisements aren't for the average person with a small amount of spending cash, but rather they're for the rich.

Advertisement

Rich people don't make up a large portion of any population, but they're the ones with money to spend. They can see an ad, decide they want a product, go buy it, and it has very little effect on their wallet. The problem is that we all see the same advertising but can't necessarily afford the purchases. We all want the lifestyle of the rich, as we see it depicted in television, film, and commercials.

The Role of Advertising in Media

       In the recent 21st century, media such as television, print and radio attract the public by improving knowledge and awareness of the product and service companies. Although costly, such avenues are the preferred mode of advertising .companies relies on media to market their products and increase sales, as the media plays a significant role in advertising.

    An advertisement could alert you about new products that come in to the market.it contain information about what the product is, what it does and why you should buy it.it brings to your attention where the product can be bought, how much it cost or who may use it; in terms of age and the lethal effects if used improperly.

   Advertising popularizes brand. The media popularizes the brand by constant replay and in print media, through repetitive publication. Thus the target customer remembers the brand and buys the product.

    The form of media is print or broadcast, the target audience is large. Where the advertisement persuades and convinces the public about the goods offered or service rendered, more people will be inclined to purchases or go for the said service. The product already in   the market get exhausted and the service crowded.

Advertising Main Roles & Its Effect

There is more to sales and marketing than simply putting an advert in a ...newspaper or on social media. Sales and marketing is a professional discipline just like engineering or accounting.

You must be conscious of the need to acquire some deeper academic understanding of this subject if you want to run a successful business or be a top executive.
You know by now that I don't believe in experience which is not supported by continuous study and scholarship.
Although I had a passion for selling, my own professional training was in electrical engineering which I studied at university. I also majored in economics. When I decided to go into business, I focused my studies in finance and accounting, as well as in sales and marketing.
These days if you have a degree you can study things like an MBA if you want to get into finance, accounting, sales and marketing. But even if you didn’t get to university, there are diplomas you can study in these subjects, even through night school, and online.
It’s up to you to do your own research. One good online place to start looking  which I’ve mentioned here before. If you go to this website just type in any business subject you want to study, like accounting, finance, economics, sales and marketing. They also offer financial aid.
The things I teach you here are not enough to ground you in these areas. This should just be enough to get you started after realizing the importance...
Accounting, finance, economics, sales and marketing: These are the bedrock for any entrepreneur, irrespective of your choice of business. You might be a farmer, or a doctor planning to set up clinics. Maybe you’re in real estate, or retail. It doesn’t matter.
Thanks to technology, no matter where you live, if you have a Smartphone, computer and internet connection, it is possible for you to study at the best universities in the world online. Check it out and tell me what you find.
__Study to show yourself approved.
Accounting, finance, economics, sales and marketing: These are foundational skills. Take economics, for example: What does economics have to do with your life? Everything! The role of the government in your economy, private markets, consumer choice, production decisions, market structures, monetary and fiscal policies, unemployment, inflation, international trade and exchange rates… These are not just academic topics for professors. They impact you and your life, one way or another, every single day
I'll say it one more time: Accounting, finance, economics, sales and marketing! Yes, you’ll go on to hire experts in some of these areas as your business grows, but you must have a basic grounding yourself to be able to deploy and manage your teams effectively

The advantages and disadvantages of posters advertisements

    The advantages and disadvantages of posters advertisements. Posters are the primary form of paper sheet advertising in many rural areas and also urban areas. Businesses often look to find new ways to advertise and promote their products and services. Effective advertising methods are very among different types of businesses and industries, so there is not just one right way. To find out if posters advertising is right for your businesses. Advantages of posters advertisement: - since billboards are generally placed along highways and busy streets.

      You will be guaranteed that people will see your adverting. Many people travel the same route repeatedly such as with their commute to work each day. This means that the people will see the Posters regularly which make it more likely to stick in their minds. You feel it the most impacts and influence.

   Disadvantages of poster advertisements: - according to marketing scoop on average. A person will see the posters for about two to three seconds. This means you will need to keep the messages short and to the point. Posters do better when they focus more on images than on text. Also Posters are often seen people on driving and on taxi travelers, since they are in motion. It makes it difficult for them to read.

     Therefore any text written on the posters must be bold or large enough for them to read easily. Starting a small business is a challenging feat for many entrepreneurs as they focus on creating quality services and products that will add value to the lives of their target consumers. In general poster advertising less conducive to businesses that frequently change their advertising campaigns a weekly or monthly basis. . Posters advertising works better for overall business and brand advertising than it does for temporary specials and 

Social factors of Ethiopian Advertising

        A successful business hinges on both an effective marketing plan and product quality. However, there are many market forces that play a part in how well the company's product is accepted by consumers. A market's social forces are incredibly important in deciding what gets purchased. Companies who completely disregard the social norms of a group of people when marketing to them aren't successful in business. Understanding the more important social factors in your market help inform your business decisions on what to make and how to sell it.

        Marketing and product development must be in tune with the social standards that the different groups in your market possess. A consumer won't normally buy a product with which he doesn't identify or feel as though someone like him could use. Important ethnic and cultural factors that define a company's market opportunities include religion, ethnic background, and language and gender roles.

          Ethiopia cultural values typically include the ability to be self-sufficient, success for hard work and social equality. In turn, this affects the products that are offered and the way those products are packaged. Interest in popular diets that stressed lower carbohydrate intake resulted in low-carb product packaging for snack food products such as Doritos.

          Another area of social interest is environmental protection; this has led to any number of products marketed as "environmentally friendly" or "green." Even where one cultural group predominates, minority groups in the area might create a niche market strong enough for a business to thrive. Another factor that can impact a consumer's buying decisions is the amount of leisure time that person has or, instead, how busy her work schedule is.

         A person with more leisure time will be able to focus more on personal interests and will purchase more items that don't necessarily have great practical purpose, such as music recordings or games. People with busier work schedules tend to favor products that help them take care of their needs quicker, such as microwaves or cell phones.

Ethiopian advertisement & cultures

      Advertising shapes our everyday worlds. It plays upon powerful emotions. But the industry itself is far more complex than many people might assume. Through an innovative mix of business strategy and cultural theory, this provides a behind the scenes analysis between advertising and larger cultural forces, as well as looks into the workings of agencies themselves. 

        Advertisements Endeavor to capture real life? How do advertising agencies think of their audience: the consumer and their corporate client? What issues do agencies have to consider when using an advertisement in a range of different countries? What specific methods are used to persuade us not only to buy but to remain loyal to a product? How do advertisers fan consumer desire? An incisive understanding of human behavior is at the core of all these questions and is what unites advertisers and anthropologists in their work.

           While this link may come as a surprise to those who consider the former to be firmly rooted in commerce and the latter in culture, this book clearly shows that these two fields share a remarkable number of convergences.

 From constructing  that appeals to two very different Western audiences, to tracking advertising changes in the post World War II period, to considering how people can be influenced by language and symbols, Advertising Cultures is an indispensable guide to the production of images and to consumer behavior for practitioners and students alike. Advertising Cultures 

The Disadvantages of Radio Advertising

When it comes to radio, there are two times that just bout everyone is tuned it, the morning and evening commute. These are the two times that you will see the most turn around for your radio ad. However, there are only so many spots to go around, and you can end up paying a hefty price to land one on a well listened to station.

   It is no secret that just about everyone changes the station when the commercial begin. There are so many other stations that are still playing music that it can be very difficult to get people to stay tuned in long enough to hear your advertisement. This is easily one of the biggest downfalls of radio advertising.

Not all products and services are suited for radio advertisements. If you are trying to sell your new shoe designs, it can be very difficult to do so without a visual representation, which is completely impossible with radio.

Important Facts About Radio Advertising

Radio is considered the only true mobile medium for advertising.

From 1922 to 1971 you could not listen to the radio in the United Kingdom with a radio license.

James Clark Maxwell predicted the development and use of radio in the late 1800’s.

Radio was originally called wireless telegraphy.

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Disadvantages Of Alcohol & its Effects

      Substance abuse is characterized by a pattern of use that causes significant impairment or distress, in addition to any one of these additional diagnostic criteria: using substances in situations where it endangers the user; a failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school or home; having multiple drug-related legal problems; or continuing to use substances regardless of the problems it causes in the user's life. The different types of substance abuse have various features depending on the type of drug abused.

          Stimulants include illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine, as well as legal substances such as nicotine, caffeine and over-the-counter stimulants. According to Darryl S. Inaba and William E. Cohen, authors of "Uppers, Downers, All-Arounders: Physical and Mental Effects of Psychoactive Drugs," stimulant use causes the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, stimulating the brain's reward and pleasure center. This stimulation reinforces the drugs' abuse, as users attempt to feel good through increases of dopamine and norepinephrine and to avoid the "crash," medically known as dysphoria, that occurs after stimulant use depletes the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Abuse of stimulants depletes energy and creates intense drug cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

       Alcohol affects every organ in the body, and it is the oldest and most widely used psychoactive substance, notes the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Alcohol abuse includes binge drinking and other problematic patterns of drinking which fall short of addiction but meet the criteria for abuse. Alcohol abuse is linked to increases in aggression, impaired judgment, diminished inhibitions, mood problems such as depression and anxiety, health problems, sexual dysfunction and relationship problems. Alcohol abuse differs from alcoholism primarily in the lack of withdrawal symptoms when an alcohol abuser stops drinking. However, alcohol abuse creates significant distress or impairment in the abuser's life.

          In generall Alcohol causes a wide range of damaging digestive system effects, including acid reflux, liver cirrhosis and inflammation of the stomach and pancreas. Sixty percent of cases of pancreatitis result from excessive alcohol intake, reports the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Liver damage is common with use of heroin, inhalants, anabolic steroids and alcohol. Cocaine abuse can lead to painful gastric ulcers and damaging reductions in blood flow to the intestines due to powerful blood vessel constriction. Nausea and vomiting often occurs shortly after drug use, and is a symptom of heroin and prescription drug withdrawal.